The red zone is a critical period on college campuses when students are particularly vulnerable to sexual assault. Also known as the pre-exposure period, it refers to the time when students are adjusting to their new environment and may feel less secure. This period typically spans from orientation until winter break, which is when most students return home for the holidays. During this time, students are away from their familiar support systems, such as family and friends, and are navigating new relationships, parties, and other situations that can increase the risk of sexual violence.
Understanding the Red Zone
The red zone encompasses two key phases: freshman year and sophomore year. In freshman year, first-year college students are adapting to life away from home and facing new challenges. Sophomore year is when students return for their second year and may experience an increase in alcohol use. Both phases can create an environment where students may be more vulnerable to sexual violence due to various factors, including a lack of knowledge about resources or difficulty seeking help.
The Origin of the Term “Red Zone”
The term “red zone” was coined by Dr. David Lisak, a clinical psychologist who extensively researched rape prevention programs on college campuses. Dr. Lisak developed strategies to prevent sexual violence against women and girls and identified the red zone as a period of heightened risk. During this time, young adults are more likely to become victims of sexual assault or attempted sexual assault. College administrators must recognize the significance of the red zone and take proactive measures to support survivors of sexual assault.
Conclusion
The Red Zone is considered the beginning of the fall semester through Thanksgiving break and it is when more the 50% of campus sexual assaults occur – often by repeat offenders. And while every student is at risk, first-year and transfer students are the most affected because they are unfamiliar with the campus and may participate in new activities such as random parties, “rush” events, and alcohol and drug use.
